Installation for degasifying noncoking, bituminous materials at low temperature



Jan. 8 1924.. 1,480,271

H. KOPPERS INSTALLATION FOR DEGASIFYING NONCOKING, BITUMINOUS MATERIALSAT LOW TEMPERATURE Filed Jan. 2, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 [l1 7 I 25 oEV'QRZOF:

Jan. 8, 1924. A 1,480,271

H. KOPPERS INSTALLATION FOR DEGASIFYING NONCOKING, BITUMINOUS MATERIALSAT LOW TEMPERATURE Filed Jan-. 2, 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Jan. 8,1924,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HEINRICH KOPPERS, OF ESSEN-RUHR, GERMANY.

Application filed January 2, 1923. Serial No. 610,341.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HEINRICH KOPPERS, a citizen of Germany, residing atEssen-Ruhr, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Installations for De gasifying Noncoking, Bituminous Materials at LowTemperature (for which I have filed an application in Germany November14, 1921), of which the following is a specification.

The degasifying of non-coking materials,

i. e., of non-baking, bituminous materials often takes place in theso-called Rolle ovens,

i. e. in cylindrical shaft ovens, in WhlCh the .material to be distiiledis forced, by means of a set of rings, superimposed like a jalousle orVenetian blind, so as to slide down along,

the heated walls in a thin layer; the gases produced thereby beingenabled to freely enter into the interior through said alousieopenings.The cylindrical form oft e Rolle oven first has the disadvantage thatany chokings of the sliding charge that occur in the interior of theoven cannot be observed 135 and removed, because, owing to the closedshape of the oven, there is no posslblllty of observing and clearingsuch chokings or maintaining an action in the oven that will preventsuch choking or stoppage of flow of the charge through the oven. .On theother hand, the cylindrical form prevents the combining of a pluralityof distillation chambers to obtain a unit as to construction andoperation as is desirable for purposes of economical operation on alarge scale.

Accordin to the present invention, this limitation will be obviated bythe fact, that the distillation of materials of the kind Stated takesplace within long rectangular chambers, on the long sides of whichjalousie plates are arranged which abut against the front walls of saidchambers.

The fresh material is thereby continuously fed from above through theopenings existing between the jalousie plates and the heat ed walls ofthe distillation chambers, whilst the residue, low-temperature or Grudecoke, is drawn off from below in a similar continuous manner. The ovensmay be operated in a continuous manner Without interruption, chokings(1r stoppage of the material therein due to the fact that the individualjalousie openings can be stirred in longitudinal direction with the helpof poker bars, from the free front walls. Preferably 65 this may beefi'ected by means of continuously moved scrapers engaging said jalousie openings. By this means, on the one hand, the

continuou downward movement, of the coal to be gasified, through thedistillation chamber proper, is secured, whilst on the other hand thepassages for the developed gases into the interior of said chamber aremain-' tained free. Instead of reciprocating the scrapers, a similareffect might be produced by periodically stirring the jalousie framing.The shape of the individual chamber thus given allows of a combinationof a plurality of ovens so as to form a battery by simply juxtaposingthe distillation chambers always separated by the heating walls. Thisoffers the possibility to obtain a large output on a given area, as isof absolute necessity with technical'working plants. At the same time, aconstructional and operative compactness a well as the best conditionsas to thermic economy are obtained.

In order to secure also the best conditions for the heating,particularly with regard to the development of a uniform and limited sotemperature, the gas and air are united at the lower end of avertical'combustion chamber, while the products of combustion aredistributed, through an upper distribution channel, over the entirelength of the indi- 85. vidual heating walls and pass through said wallsfrom above to below. By causing the combustion to take place outside ofthe oven walls, firstly the temperature-peaks are kept away from thedistillation chamber, while the guiding of the hot gases from above tobelow within the heating wall proper, will secure, according to the lawof Dichmann, the best conditions as to the heat transmission.

Jalousie frames have already been used with distillation chambers ofrectangular cross section, operating interruptedly i. e.non-continuously, in order to obtain an outlet of the gases on theentire height of the charge. By this means substantially the same resultis obtained as in the likewise interruptedly operating verticalcokeovens and in the vertical retorts for producing lighting gas, byapplying a plurality of gas outlets distributed along the height of thechamber or retort. In any case there will result, as stated above, withcontinuous operation quite different working conditions and quite asdifferent efi'ects.

In the drawing is illustrated an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 1showing a longitudinal section Fig. 2 a vertical cross section and Fig.3 a horizontal cross section.

The individual distillation chambers 10, constructed of castiron plates,in the shape of a horizontal rectangular prism, are arranged side byside, in the same way as coke-ovens, and separated by the heatingchambers 11. Within the chambers 10 are provided the jalousie-likeelements 12', by means of which the material, fed through the bunkers,is forced to glide down along the walls of the chambers 10 in thinlayers. Rotating feeders 14 at the lower end serve to convey thematerial into the outlets 15, from which they can be drawn through ports16. Owing to the jalousie-walls 12 extending on both side-walls of thechamber 10, these walls present a priori the property of beingaccessible from the front walls. This item, according to an improvedexecution of the invention, is made use of by the fact that scrapers 17united by a common bar 18 and extending like rakes over the entireheight of the jalousies 12, are reciprocated to receive a to and fromovement from a drive 19, thus keeping ing manner.

free the openings between the jalousies by their prongs engaging thereinand so loosening the material resting therein, that it will glide evenlyfurther downward.

The heating is performed in the follow- In a recuperator 20 thecombustion elements, gas and air or air only, are preheated beforeentering the vertical combustion chamber 21 and burn upwardly therein.The ascending current of flame receives the impulse for further movementin a horizontal and in a downward direction. The gases entering in thehorizontal channel 22 will first be distributed over the length of thesame and then enter through the nozzle-shaped tubes 23 in the interiorof the heating wall proper '11. This heating wall is so large that theheating gases can freely play therein i. e. they will descend by degreesforming numerous whirls. thereby yielding their heat. Without anypositive guiding being required with this current going from above tobelow, equal degrees of heat will establish in all layers. The tubes 23serve to avoid excessive heating of the upper portion of the heatingwalls. gases, to wit, first will move upwards and intermix with thecooler gases, thus the temperature-peak will not work out its effectupon the heating wall itself.

Claims:

1. An installation for continuous distillation of non-coking bituminousmaterials at low temperature consisting of retort chambers ofrectangular cross-section; heating walls for said chambers; jalousiewalls arranged alongside said heating walls to force the materials to bedistilled to move downward along the heating walls in thin layers.

2. An installation for continuous distillation of non-coking bituminousmaterials at low temperature, consistin of a plurality of distillingchambers of rectangular cross-section; heating walls contiguous to suchdistilling chambers and each interposed between two such distillingchambers; jalousie walls arranged alongside. said heating walls to forcethe materials to be distilled to move downward along the heating wallsin thin layers.

3. An installation for continuous distillation of non-coking bituminousmaterials at low temperature, consisting of a plurality of distillingchambers of rectangular cross-section; heating walls contiguous to suchdistilling chambers and each interposed between two such distillingchambers; jalousie walls arranged in said distilling chambers alongsidethe heating walls; combustion chambers remote from said distillingchambers; upper horizontally extending channels located above theheatingwalls and exgepding throughout the length thereof, sa'horizontally extending channels communicably connecting said combustionchambers with the heating walls so that hot burned gases pass from thecombustion chambers throughout the length of the heat ing walls andthrough said heating walls from above to below.

4. An installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the hotgases are con In leaving the tubes 23, the hot.

5. An installation according to claim 1,

low temperature, consisting of a plurality of distilling chambers ofrectangular cross-section; heating walls contiguous to such distillingchambers and each interposed be tween two such distilling chambers;jalousie walls arranged alongside said heating walls; combustionchambers remote from said distilling chambers; upper horizontallyextending channels located above the heating walls and extendingthroughout the length thereof; said horizontally extending channelscommunicably connecting said chambers with the heating walls: scrapersadapted to move in the openings provided by the. jalousie walls andmeans for moving said scrapers.

7. An installation for continuous distillation of non-coking bituminousmaterials at low temperature, consisting of a plurality of distillingchambers of rectangular cross-section; heating walls contiguous to suchdistilling chambers and each interposed between two such distillingchambers; jalousie walls arranged alongside said heating walls;combustion chambers remote from said distilling chambers; upperhorizontally extending channels located above the heat ing walls andextending throughout the length thereof; said horizontally extendingchannels communicably connecting said chambers with the heating walls: aplurality of rakes arranged throughout the area of the heating walls formoving the material between the jalousie walls and the heating walls tokeep clear the passages for the material to be distilled and theproducts of distillation, and a series of inter-connected rods to movesaid rakes as a unit.

8. An installation for continuous distillation of non-coking bituminousmaterials at low temperature, consisting of a plurality of distillingchambers of rectangular crosssection; heating walls contiguous to suchdistilling chambers and each interposed between two such distillingchambers; j alousie walls arranged alongside said heating walls;combustion chambers remote from said distilling chambers; upperhorizontally extending channels located above the heating walls andextending throughout the length thereof; said horizontally extendingchannels communicably connecting said chambers with the heating walls; aplurality of rakes arranged throughout the area of the heating walls formoving the material between the jalousie walls and the heating walls tokeep clear the passages for the material to be distilled and theproducts of distillation; and a series of inter-connected rods to movesaid rakes as a unit; and devices for clearing the distilled residueadapted to regulate the rate of movement through the distilling chamberof the material being distilled.

9. An installation for cont nuous distillation of non-coking bituminousmaterials. at low temperature. consisting of a plurality of distillingchambers of rectangular cross-sod tion; heating walls contiguous to suchdistilling chambers and each interposed between-two such distillingchambers jalousie walls arranged alongside said heating walls;

combustion chambers remote from said dist1ll1ng chambers; upperhorizontally extending channels located above the heating walls andextending throughout the lengththercof; said horizontally extendingchannels communicably connecting said chambers with the heating walls; aplurality of rakes rate of movement through the distilling chamber ofthe material being distilled; and air tight receptacles below saidclearing devices to receive the distilled residue, adapted forintermittent withdrawal of the residue.

10. An installation for continuous distilla-i tion of non-cokingbituminous materials at low temperature, consisting of a plurality ofdistilling chambers of rectangular cross-section; heating wallscontiguous to such dis tilling chambers and each interposed between twosuch distilling chambers; jalousie walls arranged alongside said heatingwalls to force the material to be distilled to move downward alongsidethe heating walls; and means including a mechanical device for keepingfree the passages for the material to be distilled and the outlet forthe gases.

11. An installation for continuous distillation of non-coking bituminousmaterials at low temperature, consisting of a plurality of distillingchambers of rectangular crosssection; heating walls contiguous to suchdistilling chambers and each interposed between tWo such distillingchambers: jalousie walls arranged alongside said heating walls to forcethe material to be distilled to move downward alongside the heatingwalls; said jalousie elements being subjected to a continuous influenceby means of a mechanical drive to keep free the passages 'for thematerial to be distilled and the outlet for the gases.

12. An installation for distilling non-coking bituminous material at lowtemperature, consisting of a straight distilling chamber havingflat-faced walls; means for providing a thin layer passage adjacent saidflat-faced walls, means for continuously supplying material to bedistilled to said thin layer passage; means providing an outlet for thedistilled vapors: means for discharging the residue of the distilledcharge.

13. An installation for distilling non-coking bituminous materials atlow temperature, consisting of a straight retort chamber having anextended flat-faced heating wall: means for continuously supplyingmaterial ing to be distilled in a thin layer past said extendedfiat-faced Walls, and means for removing the residue of distillation.

14:. An installation for distilling non-cokbituminous material,ronsisting of a chamber having extended fiat-faced heating walls; meansin said chamber providing a thin passage alongside said heating Walls;

said means providing outlets for the dis- HEINRICH KOPPERS.

